Internally insulation lined vessel



Oct. 12, 1948. A. BAKER ETAL INTERNALLY INSULATION -LINED VESSEL Filed June 5, 1944 Patented Oct. 12, 1948 UNITED sTATEs PATENT oFFlcE IN TERNALLY INSULATION LIN ED VESSEL Albert L. Baker, Summit, William H. Hill, Pennington, and Arthur R. C. Markl, Teaneck, N. J.,

assignors to The M. W. Kellogg Company, New

York, N. Y., a corporation of Delaware Application June 5, 1944, Serial No. 538,854

This invention relates to internally insulated vessels designed to handle materials at high temperatures.

It is now quite usual to provide vessels for handling materials at temperatures Well abovel the temperature range within which carbon steel is a satisfactory material of construction and its characteristics and properties are well known. y

the vessel walls to the range in which carbon steel is fully satisfactory. This proposal has gone into extensive commercial use. l,

Internal insulation linings, in order to properly serve their purpose, must be so constructed and arranged that their insulating value remains unimpaired in service. One of the main causes for lessening of the insulation value of the linings in service is the now of the material handled through the space occupied by the insulation component of the lining. If this flow becomes appreciable, the vessel Walls may attain temperatures approaching that of the material handled so that the value of the lining will be materially reduced and in extreme cases entirely lost. Also, appreciable ow of the material particularly when the material is condensable or corrosive cau-ses rapid deterioration of the insulation component.'

The invention particularly concerns a novel internal insulation lining which, while of general application, is especially suited for application to vessels designed to handle flowing materials at highlv elevated temperatures.

It is a primary object of the invention to provide a novel insulation lining adapted to be disposed against the inner wall of a vessel designed to handle materials at Aelevated temperatures, which` while it allows ready equalization of pressure between the space occupied by the insulation component and the space occupied by the material handled, prevents substantial flow of `the material handled from a region at a higher pressure to another at a lower pressure through the space occupied by the insulation component.

13 Claims. (Cl. 138-64) 2 It is also a primary object of the invention to provide a novel insulation lining of the character mentioned, formed of one or morel sections, which are supported from the vessel wall in such a -manner that regardless of the angular disposition of the vessel substantially all of the weight of each section is carried by its support. 'I'he 4support employed is such that while one end of each section is securely anchored to the vessel wall the section is free to expand both radially and longitudinally wtihoutsubstantial restraint. The support employed is also such that a minimum continuous metallic path for heat is provided between the material handled and the vessel wall. The support employed, furthermore, is such that it acts as a damper of vibrations set up when the material handled flows at high velocities.

It is a further important object of the invention to provide a novel insulation lining, of the character mentioned, formed of one or more sections each of which includes an insulation component and a metalV liner component, the metal liner component of each section having one end anchored to the vessel Walls by an impervious member of frusto-conical or frusto-pyramidal form, depending on the cross-sectional shape of the vessel, that is united to the metal liner section and the vessel Walls, the other end of the metal liner section being free whereby said metal liner section is supported from the vessel walls while it is substantially unrestrained against radial and longitudinalv expansion and contraction. Y

The above, as well as the further objects and features of the invention, will be better understood from a consideration of the following description of a present preferred embodiment of the invention taken with the accompanying drawings, in which,

Fig. 1 is a fragmentary longitudinal section of a vessel lined in accordance with the invention, and

Figs. 2, 3, and 4 are fargmentary sectional views illustrating, on an enlarged scale, details' of the structure of Fig. 1.

The novel internal insulating lining of the invention is of general application and may be applied to vessels, pipes, containers, conduits and the like that are Lused for handling, storing, processing or flowing solids, gases, vapors or mixtures thereof. Hereinafter, the term vessel will be used to indicate and to include all forms of apparatus to which the novel lining will be applied. The novel internal insulating lining of the invention may be applied -to vessels of any size or shape and is formed to conform to the internalv shape of the vessel. line vessels having a generally circular transverse cross-section, the invention will be described and Sinceit is more usual to claimed in connection with such vessels Without intention, however, of limiting it to such vessels. While, as stated, the vessels lined may be of any size, large vessels and small vessels will herein- .after be separately considered. A large vessel backing ring 2I. Backing ring 2| is also welded along its edges to the parts' it backs and, aside from strengthening the joint, strengthens the liner element I1 against collapse. Stiffener rings 22 are united to the sections of hner element I1 to stien them and reenforce them against collapse. Rings 22 are preferably positioned intermediate the reenforced portions of the sections of liner element I1.

VInsulation material I8 may be of any preferredV kind and character suited to the service. At

prent, it is preferred to use insulation in blockV form for all portions of vinsulation I8 except those may beneiicially be used to line vessels handling compressed gases at temperatures in the range in which carbon steel is not satisfactory because of its low shock resistance, so that by reason of the novel lining the temperature of the vessel walls can be kept above said range.

Vessel I0 will be considered to include a horizontal leg II, an elbow I2 and a vertical leg I3. The joint between leg II and elbow I2 is shown as open to better illustrate the construction while that between elbow YI2 and leg I3 is shown as `closed and ready for operation. The walls I4 of conduit I0 are preferably, though not necessarily, made of carbon steel. The material handled may, for example, be high pressure steam at 1500" F. The walls I4 are kept at temperatures not substantially above 650 F. by means of insuportions that require packing during assembly because of the ease in handling and positioning. A block insulation made up of amosite asbestos, diatomaceous earth and a suitable binder has been found entirely satisfactory in the service mentioned above.

'I'he sections I6 are so arranged that the frustoconical rings I9 of the end sections I6 are located proximate their respective ends of the section of vessel I0 so as to facilitate welding and to provide for better control of expansion. The

lation lining I5 that internally covers the walls l v Ilofvessel IIJ.

Insulation lining I5 is made up of a plurality of sections I 6 each of which includes a metal liner element I1 disposed concentrically relative to th'e walls I4 and spaced therefrom by a distance 'suillcient to accommodate the depth of insulation material I8 required to'provlde the required temperature derence between the material owing through the central space of liner element I1 and the walls I l.' Each section of liner element l1 is supported from wall I4 by a generally frusto conical member I9 that has its smaller end united to the section of liner element I1 adjacent one end thereof and the larger end united to the walls Il of vessel III.v The unsupported end of each liner element I1 and the contiguous end of the adjacent liner element I1 are arranged to form an expansion joint,Y shown in detail in Figs. 2 and 3, which permits longitudinal movement of the contiguous ends of adjacent hner elements I1 whilethese ends are maintained in alignment. The expansion joint is such, furthermore, that suilicient provision for equalization of pressure is afforded.

Metal liner element I1 may be made of any metal suitable for the service. For the high temperature service above-mentioned, chrome-steel is found suitable. The sections of liner element I 1, and consequently section I 6, may be of various lengths as required by the length of the vessel. The section of liner element I1 will generally be made of one or more parts of a length equal to the width or the length ofthe chosen commercial sheets of the preferred metal. When the sections of liner element I1 are made of two or more parts, the abutting edges of the Vparts are joined together by a circumferential weld which is backed by end construction is best shown in Fig. 4. As shown in this ligure, the small end of lring I9 is weldedl directly to the wall of the section of liner element I1. The joint between ring I9 and element I1 is reenforced at intervals by the provision ofa plurality of spaced angular tabs 23 that are welded to elementv I'I and to ring I9. Adjacent the end of vessel II is welded a ring 24 to which, as well as to the walls I4, is welded the large end .of frusto-conical ring I9. This construction facilitates assembly as out-of-roundness ofthe vessel orofthe conical ring may be easily accommodated. When there is no out-of-roundness ring 24 may be dispensed with. Thus. ring I9'presents an impermeable barrier to the flow of the material handled. A stiilenerv ring 25 is united to th'e section of liner element I1 'adjacent the end thereof. A closurering 26 of light gage metal, usually of carbon steel. is united to wall I4 to cooperate with ring 25 .to prevent passage ofthe material handled into the.' space between ring I9 and the end of liner element I1 while permitting pressure equalization. The space between ring I9, the end of liner element I1 and rings 25v and 26 is hand packed withl loose insulation' having the same general lproperties as the bulk of the insulation I8. A lap ring 21 is welded to the end of th'e section of the liner element I1 at the downstream end of one of the sections of vessel I0 so that it will overlap the end of the section of liner element I1 at the upstream end of the abutting section. Lap ring 21 serves to cover the joint between the abutting sections of liner element I1 and thus, provides for smooth ow of the material handled whileat the same time preventing ow of the material handled into the joint. Lap ring 21,*however, amply provides for pressure equalization. In making up the joint between sections of vessel III an insulation washer 28 is Y positioned between rings 26 to ll the space between them.

The construction employed when ring I9 is contiguous to an expansion joint is best shown in Fig, 2. Ring I9 is attached in the same manner as in Fig. 4. The expansion joint 'is formed by a lap ring 29, similar to lap ring 21, united to the inner-face and a lap ring 30 united to ,the outer face of the downstream end of the abutting sections of liner element .I1. Lap ring 30 is spaced from the face of liner element I1 by a ller ring 3l to provide ample room for relative movement of the ends oi the abutting sections of liner element I1. Lap ring 23 closes the Joint to the material handled but the nt is such that pressure equalization may readily take place. The space between ring I9 and the end of its section of liner element I'I is hand packed with loose insulation. A centralizing ring 32 is placed against'the hand packed loose insulation. Ring 32 is loose and is united to neither wall I4 nor liner element I1 so that it lWill not move with either during expansion and contraction and consequently, will not pack the loose insulation or form voids therein. Ring 32 is used primarily as a centralizer to hold and support the liner concentric with the vessel when the liner is exposed to extremenv higth temperatures. In Fig. 3 is shown the expansion joint, just described, as formed between two free ends of sections of liner element I'I.

With large vessels III, the sections I8 of the liner are preferably assembled and packed with insulation externally of vessel I and then individually positioned and united to the walls I4, although under special conditions, for instance, when fabricating elbow section, I2, the liner sections may be packed in their ultimate position in vessel III. In order to make it Vpossible to handle sections I6 after they are packed with block insulating material I8, a light gage carbon steel jacket 34 is provided around each of them. Jackets 34, in one or more sections, extend from the large end oi ring I9 to substantially the end of the block insulation- II8 at the tree end of the employed when necessary, but such rings have not been shown on the elbow sections of liner Il of Fig. 1. After. the sections o! liner element I1 have. Ibeen assembled some of the block insulation I8 may be applied to their outer surfaces, care being taken that the insulation material applied does not prevent insertion of the sections into position or welding oi' rings I3 to the liner sections. Centralizing ring 32 is then positioned adjacent the situs of the expansion joint between f the sections of liner I 1. Since at this stage the section of liner element Il. When a section i8 is packed externallyV of vessel I0 the space between frusto-conical ring I9 and the end portion of liner element I'I is left unpacked until after the section is put in position and frusta-conical ring I9 is united to the'walls I4 of vessel I0. Also. closure rings 26 are not positioned and welded until the welding of frusta-conical ring I9 and the packing of the loose insulation material.

In assembling the packed sections IB to form the internal heat insulation lining for vessel I0 and, taking for instance the assembling oi the lining in vertical leg I3, the bottom section I8 is moved into vertical leg I3 until the large end oi frusta-conical ring I9 attains the position shown in Fig. 4. Cone ring 24 is then positioned and welded after which {ruste-conical ring I9 is welded to cone ring 24 and walls I4 as shown. The space between frusto-conical ring lI9 and the section of lining element I1 is then packed with loose insulation material and the end of the section closed by welding closure ring 2B to vessel wall I4. Centralizing ring 32 is then placed on the projecting free end ofthe positioned section I6 and the next section I6 lowered into position. Ring I9 is welded and the end of the section 'packed and finished as before. Generally, it is preferred to position the sections without rings 29 united thereto as that makes spacing of the section ends, required to permit longitudinal movement due to expansion, a simple matter. Rings 29 may then be positioned and welded after all of the lining sections have been positioned in the vessel.

This procedure is repeated until the rwhole of the leg is lined. It will be noted that the lining sections I6 are always so chosen as to length that a Irusto-conical ring I9 is welded at each ilang end of the section of the vessel III.

In assembling the insulation lining within elbow I2 or vessels or other than straight cylindrical shapes, the lining sections can seldom be assections of liner I1 are not as yet within elbow I2 it will usually be found expedient to tack or `otherwise weld ring 32 in position. The sections of liner element i1 are then positioned inelbow I2 and their ends properly spaced to permit the necessary relative movement due to expansion. The sections of liner element I1 may be held in their proper positions by anyv convenient temporary means. Insulation material I8 may then be applied to completely fill the space between the predetermined positions of rings I9 and the free ends of the sections. Rings I8 are next positioned and welded to their respective lining elements I'I. Rings 24, when necessary, are then positioned and welded to the walls I4 after which the larger ends of rings I 9 are welded torings 24.

The end spaces between rings I9 and the ends of their respective sectionsare then packed fwith insulation and rings 26 iinally applied. Rings 29 are then positioned .and welded to complete the assembly. In this construction pieces 23 are omitted as it is not possible to weld them in sion clearances between the sections. Such unit is then pulled through the vessel into position. Such unit will have but two rings I9, one at each end of the unit.

What is claimed is:

l. A vessel, an insulating lining positioned against the inner walls of said Vessel, said lining including a depth o1' insulating material covering the inner walls of said vessel and a protective covering between said insulating material and the central space of said vessel, andimpervious means surrounding said covering and united thereto and to the vessel walls,l said impervious means preventing flow of the material handled through the space occupied by said insulating material and supporting said covering while permitting radial Vand longitudinal expansion thereof.

2. A vessel, an insulating lining positioned against the inner walls of said vessel, said lining including a depth of insulating material coverlng the inner walls of said vessel and a protective covering between said insulating material and the central space of said vessel. and animpervious diaphragm surrounding said covering and united thereto and'to the vessel walls to l 7g provide an impermeable barrier to the flow of covering between said insulating material and the centralvspace of said vessel, and a continuous annular member having sloping sides surrounding said covering and united thereto and to the) vessel walls to provide a continuous barrier to the flow of the material handled through the space occupied by said insulating material, said annular member supporting said covering while vpermitting radial and longitudinal vexpansion thereof. Y

4. A vessel, an insulating lining positioned against the inner walls of said vessel, said lining including'a depth f insulating material covering the inner wall oi? said vessel and a protective covering- 'between said 1insulating material and the central space of said vessel, and an impervious frusto-conical diaphragm surrounding said covering` and united thereto and to the walls of the vessel.

5. A vessel, an insulating lining positioned against the inner walls of said vessel. said lining including a depth of insulating material covering the inner walls of said vessel and a lprotective covering between said insulating material 4 and the centralspace of said vessel, said insulating lining including a plurality of abutting sections, an impervious diaphragm surrounding f the protective covering of each of said sections adjacent one end thereof and united thereto and l to the vessel walls to provide a barrier to the passage of the material handled, said diaphragm supporting its section of the protective coveringf while permitting radial and 4sion thereof.

6. A vessel, an insulating lining positioned against the inner walls of said vessel, said lining including a depth of insulating material covering said inner walls and ametal liner between said insulating'material and the central space of said vessel, said insulating lining being made upof a plurality of abutting sections, a generally frusta-conical metal Adiaphragm surrounding the metal liner section of each of said sections adjacent one end thereof and united thereto and to said walls to support said 'metal liner section while permitting 'radial and longitudinal expansion thereof, and means carried by the sections to maintain the sections in alignment during the expansion and contraction thereof.

'7. A vessel, an insulating lining positioned longitudinal expaning including a depth of insulating material covering said inner walls and a metal liner between said insulating material and the central space of said vessel, said insulating lining being made up of a plurality of abutting sections, an

annular metal diaphragm having sloped sides surrounding the metal liner section of each of said insulating lining sections adjacent one end thereof and united thereto and to said walls to provide a barrier to the ow of the material handled .through the space occupied by said insulating material, said metal diaphragms supporting their respective lining sections in any angular disposition thereof, said metal diaphragm permitting substantially unrestrained radial and longitudinal expansion of their respectivemetal liner sections:

8; A vessel, an insulating lining positioned against the inner walls of said vessel, said lining including a depth of insulating material covering said inner walls and a metal liner between said insulating material and the central space of said vessel, said insulating lining'being made up of.. a plurality of abutting sections, an annular metal diaphragm having sloped sides surrounding the metal liner section of ea'ch of said sections of said lining adjacent one end thereof and united there- 'to and to said walls to support said section of .v

said lining in any angular disposition thereof, said diaphragms permitting radial and'longitudinal` expansion of their respective metal liner sections, means at the ends of abutting metal liner sections maintaining said metalliner sections in alignment during expansion and'contraction thereof, said alignment means restrictsure equilization.

ingthe flow path between metal liner sections vto prevent substantial flow of said material handled into thespace occupied by said insulating material while permitting sufficient ow of said material handled into said space to allow rapid pres- 9. A vessel, an insulating 'lining positioned against the inner walls of said vessel, said lining including a depth of insulating material covering said inner walls yand a metal liner between said insulating material and the central space of said vessel, said insulating lining lbeing made up of a plurality of abutting sections, an annular metal diaphragm having sloped sides surrounding thev metal linerv section of each of said lining sections adjacent one end thereof and united thereto and to said walls to support its respective section 0f said lining in any angular disposition thereof while permitting radial and longitudinal expansion of its respective metal liner section, and expansion joint means at the abutting ends of adjacent metal liner sections, said joint means including a lap ring telescoped within the vabutr ting ends of the metal liner sections and united I against the 1 inner walls of said vessel, 4said lining said inner walls and a metal hner 'between`A said insulating material and the central space of said vessel, said insulating lining being made up of a plurality of abutting sections, an annular metal .diaphragm having sloped sides surrounding the metal liner section of each of said lining sections adjacent one end thereof and united thereto and to said walls to support its respective section of said lining in any angular disposition `thereof while permitting radial and longitudinal expansion of its respective metal liner section,

and expansion joint means at the abuttingV ends of adjac'nt metal liner sections, said joint means including a lap ring telescoped within the abutting ends of the metal liner sections and a second lap ring surrounding the abutting ends of thev metal liner sections, said rings being united to the upstream one of the-metal liner sections and providing a groove into which extends the end of the downstream one of the metal liner sections, said first lap ring sealing the joint against substantial W of the material handled into the space occupied by said insulating material while permitting rapid pressure equalization between the central space of said vessel and the space occupied by said insulating material.

11. A vessel. an insulating lining positioned against the inner walls of said vessel, said lining including a depth of insulating material covering said inner walls and a metal liner between said insulating material and the central space of said vessel, said insulating lining being made up of a plurality of abutting sections, an annular metal diaphragm having sloped sides surrounding the metal liner section of each of said lining sections adjacent one end thereof and united thereto and to said walls to support its respective section of said lining, while permitting radial and longitudinal expansion of its respective metal liner section, an expansion joint lat the abutting ends of adjacent metal liner sections, and a support ring in the space between said joint and said vessel walls and between the insulating material of the abutting lining sections, said support ring being unconnected to said vessel walls, said joint and said metal liner sections whereby said support ring will not moverelative to said insulating material during expansion and contraction of said lining sections. y

12. A vessel, a protective lining between the central space of said vessel and the vessel walls..

and impervious means surrounding said lining and united thereto and to the vessel walls, said impervious means preventing flow of the mate rial handled in said vessel through the space between said lining and the vessel walls while permitting radial and longitudinal expansion thereof.

13. A vessel, a protective metal lining between the vessel walls .and the central space of the vessel, and an impervious generally frusta-conical diaphragm surrounding said lining and united thereto and to the vessel walls to support said metal lining while permitting substantially radial and longitudinal expansion and contraction thereof.

ALBERT L. BAKER. WILLIAM H. HILL. ARTHUR R. C. MARKL.

' REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the ille of thlspatent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS 

